Ferroalloys

Description

Ferroalloy is a product used as a deoxidizer during steelmaking. Ferroalloys, in a broad sense refers to deoxidizers and element additives during steelmaking. Add it to molten iron to make steel have certain characteristics or meet certain requirements. It is an intermediate alloy composed of iron and one or several elements, mainly used in iron and steel smelting. In the iron and steel industry, all intermediate alloys used in steel making, whether or not containing iron (such as silicon-calcium alloy), are generally called "Ferroalloys". Traditionally, some pure metal additives and oxide additives are also included.
 

Properties of Ferroalloys

 
The main element of the Ferro alloy generally has a higher melting point, or its oxides are difficult to reduce, and it is difficult to refine pure metals. If it is together with iron, it is easier to reduce smelting. The use of ferroalloys in iron and steel smelting, which contains iron is not only harmless, because it is easy to melt in molten steel, it will be more beneficial. Therefore, the deoxidation and addition of alloys in the steelmaking production process are mostly added in the form of ferroalloys. Ferro alloys are generally very brittle and cannot be used as metallic materials.
 

General Application of Ferroalloy

 
Based on the properties of Ferro alloys, they are generally used as:
Deoxidizer: In the steelmaking process, oxygen in molten steel is removed. Some Ferro alloys can also remove other impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen in steel.
 
Alloy additives: According to the requirements of steel composition, alloy elements are added to the steel to improve the performance of the steel.
 
Inoculant: Add to the molten iron before casting the cast iron to improve the crystal structure of the casting.
 
Reducing agent: reducing agent for producing other ferroalloys and non-ferrous metals by metal thermal reduction method; alloy additive for non-ferrous alloys; also used in small amounts in chemical industry and other industries
 
Iron and steel, all steels are a type of Ferro alloy, which also makes ferroalloys the most widely used and the most quantity used alloys.
 
Some high-carbon ferro and all ferro-containing alloys are all called ferro alloys.
 

Classification of Ferroalloys

 
As the steelmaking deoxidizer, the most widely used are ferro manganese, silicon manganese and Ferrosilicium. Strong deoxidizers are aluminum (Aluminum Ferroalloys), calcium silicon, silicon zirconium, etc. Commonly used varieties of alloy additives are: ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferrosilicon, ferro-tungsten, ferro-molybdenum, ferro-vanadium, ferro-titanium, ferro-nickel, ferro-niobium (tantalum), rare-earth ferroalloy, ferro-boron, ferro-phosphorus, etc. Various ferroalloys, in accordance with the needs of steelmaking, specify many grades according to alloy element content or carbon content, and strictly limit the content of impurities.
 
Ferro alloys containing two or more alloying elements are called composite Ferro alloys. The use of such ferroalloys can add deoxidation or alloying elements at the same time, which is beneficial to the steelmaking process, and can comprehensively utilize symbiotic ore resources more economically and rationally. Commonly used are: manganese silicon, calcium silicon, silicon zirconium, silicon manganese aluminum, silicon silicon manganese calcium and rare earth ferrosilicon.
 
Pure metal additives for steelmaking include aluminum, titanium, nickel, metal silicon, metal manganese, metal chromium, etc. Some easily reduced oxides such as MoO and NiO are also used to replace iron alloys. In addition, there are iron nitride alloys, such as ferrochromium, ferromanganese, etc. after nitriding, and heating Ferro alloys mixed with heating agents.
 

Ferro Alloys Basic Classification

 
There are many varieties of ferroalloys, and the classification methods are generally classified according to the following methods.
 
(1) According to the main elements of Ferro Alloys, there are mainly silicon, manganese, chromium, vanadium, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum and other series of iron alloys.
 
(2) According to the classification of carbon content in ferroalloys, there are high carbon, medium carbon, low carbon, micro carbon, ultra micro carbon and other varieties.
 
(3) A multi-component Ferro Alloy containing two or more alloying elements. The main varieties are silicon aluminum alloy, silicon calcium alloy, manganese silicon aluminum alloy, silicon calcium aluminum alloy, silicon barium calcium alloy and so on.
 
(4) Classification according to production methods: blast furnace Ferro Alloys, electric furnace Ferroalloys, out-of-furnace method (metal thermal method) Ferroalloys, vacuum solid reduction Ferro Alloys, electrolytic ferro alloys, and special ferro alloys such as oxide compacts and heating ferroalloys.
 
Common ferroalloys are: ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, silicomanganese, ferrochromium, ferro-tungsten, ferro-vanadium, ferro-nickel, ferro-molybdenum, ferro-titanium. Rare earth magnesium silicon, rare earth ferrosilicon, silicon calcium alloy, silicon barium alloy, silicon aluminum alloy. Tantalum and niobium, ferrophosphorus, ferroboron, etc.
 

Aluminum Ferroalloys

 
Strong deoxidizer during the steel making process. The aluminum ferro alloy is a molten block in which iron and aluminum are simultaneously melt-mixed and injected into the mold to form an alloy state. Adding iron increases the specific gravity of aluminum, prolongs the time of aluminum and iron in molten steel, and improves the deoxidizing ability and the yield of aluminum. The range of aluminum content in the alloy adapts to the amount of aluminum used in stainless steel, which makes the deoxidized steel better in performance, wide in application range, and good in performance.
 

Ferroalloy Production Methods

 
Blast furnace method
The high temperature and reducing atmosphere of the blast furnace are used to reduce alloy ores to produce ferroalloys. Such as high carbon ferromanganese.
 
Electrothermal method
The main method of ferroalloy production. The disadvantage of using carbon as a reducing agent is that many metals easily form carbides with carbon and cannot produce low-carbon ferro alloys.
 
Metal thermal method
The chemical heat generated by the reduction reaction heats the alloy and the slag to make the reaction proceed automatically. Commonly used reducing agents are aluminum, ferrosilicon, aluminum-magnesium alloy, etc., producing extremely low-carbon alloys.
 
Converter method
Oxygen decarburization of high carbon alloys to produce medium and low carbon alloys.
 

Ferroalloys Manufacturer

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